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SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入剖析

发布时间:2023-07-29 15:04:52 所属栏目:MsSql教程 来源:
导读:在网络上,看到有sql Server 2000和sql Server 2005 的存储过程加密和解密的方法,后来分析了其中的代码,发现它们的原理都是一样的。后来自己根据实际的应用环境,编写了两个存储过程,一个加密存储过程(sp_Encryp
在网络上,看到有sql Server 2000和sql Server 2005 的存储过程加密和解密的方法,后来分析了其中的代码,发现它们的原理都是一样的。后来自己根据实际的应用环境,编写了两个存储过程,一个加密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject),和一个解密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject),它们可以应用于sql Server中的储过程,函数,视图,以及触发器。
 
感觉这两个存储过程蛮有意思的,拿来与大家分享;如果你看过类似的,就当作重温一下也好。
 
用于加密的存储过程 (sp_EncryptObject) :
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
存储过程(sp_EncryptObject)加密的方法是在存储过程,函数,视图的“As”位置前加上“with encryption”;如果是触发器,就在“for”位置前加“with encryption”。
 
如果触发器是{ AFTER | INSTEAD OF} 需要修改下面代码"For"位置:
 
代码如下:
 
if objectproperty(object_id(@Object),'ExecIsAfterTrigger')=0 set @Replace='As' ; else set @Replace='For ';
 
存储过程完成代码:
 
代码如下:
 
Use master
 
Go
 
if object_ID('[sp_EncryptObject]') is not null
 
Drop Procedure [sp_EncryptObject]
 
Go
 
create procedure sp_EncryptObject
 
(
 
@Object sysname='All'
 
)
 
as
 
/*
 
当@Object=All的时候,对所有的函数,存储过程,视图和触发器进行加密
 
调用方法:
 
. Execute sp_EncryptObject 'All'
 
. Execute sp_EncryptObject 'ObjectName'
 
*/
 
begin
 
set nocount on
 
if @Object <>'All'
 
begin
 
if not exists(select 1 from sys.objects a where a.object_id=object_id(@Object) And a.type in('P','V','TR','FN','IF','TF'))
 
begin
 
--sql Server 2008
 
raiserror 50001 N'无效的加密对象!加密对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。'
 
--sql Server 2012
 
--throw 50001,N'无效的加密对象!加密对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。',1
 
return
 
end
 
if exists(select 1 from sys.sql_modules a where a.object_id=object_id(@Object) and a.deFinition is null)
 
begin
 
--sql Server 2008
 
raiserror 50001 N'对象已经加密!'
 
--sql Server 2012
 
--throw 50001,N'对象已经加密!',1
 
return
 
end
 
end
 
declare @sql nvarchar(max),@C1 nchar(1),@C2 nchar(1),@type nvarchar(50),@Replace nvarchar(50)
 
set @C1=nchar(13)
 
set @C2=nchar(10)
 
declare cur_Object
 
cursor for
 
select object_name(a.object_id) As ObjectName,a.deFinition
 
from sys.sql_modules a
 
inner join sys.objects b on b.object_id=a.object_id
 
and b.is_ms_shipped=0
 
and not exists(select 1
 
from sys.extended_properties x
 
where x.major_id=b.object_id
 
and x.minor_id=0
 
and x.class=1
 
and x.name='microsoft_database_tools_support'
 
)
 
where b.type in('P','TF')
 
and (b.name=@Object or @Object='All')
 
and b.name <>'sp_EncryptObject'
 
and a.deFinition is not null
 
order by Case
 
when b.type ='V' then 1
 
when b.type ='TR' then 2
 
when b.type in('FN','TF') then 3
 
else 4 end,b.create_date,b.object_id
 
open cur_Object
 
fetch next from cur_Object into @Object,@sql
 
while @@fetch_status=0
 
begin
 
Begin Try
 
if objectproperty(object_id(@Object),'ExecIsAfterTrigger')=0 set @Replace='As' ; else set @Replace='For ';
 
if (patindex('%'+@C1+@C2+@Replace+@C1+@C2+'%',@sql)>0)
 
begin
 
set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C1+@C2+@Replace+@C1+@C2,@C1+@C2+'With Encryption'+@C1+@C2+@Replace+@C1+@C2)
 
end
 
else if(patindex('%'+@C1+@Replace+@C1+'%',@C1+@Replace+@C1,@C1+'With Encryption'+@C1+@Replace+@C1)
 
end
 
else if(patindex('%'+@C2+@Replace+@C2+'%',@C2+@Replace+@C2,@C2+'With Encryption'+@C2+@Replace+@C2)
 
end
 
else if(patindex('%'+@C2+@Replace+@C1+'%',@C2+@Replace+@C1,@C1+'With Encryption'+@C2+@Replace+@C1)
 
end
 
else if(patindex('%'+@C1+@C2+@Replace+'%',@C1+@C2+@Replace,@C1+@C2+'With Encryption'+@C1+@C2+@Replace)
 
end
 
else if(patindex('%'+@C1+@Replace+'%',@C1+@Replace,@C1+'With Encryption'+@C1+@Replace)
 
end
 
else if(patindex('%'+@C2+@Replace+'%',@C2+@Replace,@C2+'With Encryption'+@C2+@Replace)
 
end
 
set @type =
 
case
 
when object_id(@Object,'P')>0 then 'Proc'
 
when object_id(@Object,'V')>0 then 'View'
 
when object_id(@Object,'TR')>0 then 'Trigger'
 
when object_id(@Object,'FN')>0 or object_id(@Object,'IF')>0 or object_id(@Object,'TF')>0 then 'Function'
 
end
 
set @sql=Replace(@sql,'Create '+@type,'Alter '+@type)
 
Begin Transaction
 
exec(@sql)
 
print N'已完成加密对象('+@type+'):'+@Object
 
Commit Transaction
 
End Try
 
Begin Catch
 
Declare @Error nvarchar(2047)
 
Set @Error='Object: '+@Object+@C1+@C2+'Error: '+Error_message()
 
Rollback Transaction
 
print @Error
 
print @sql
 
End Catch
 
fetch next from cur_Object into @Object,@sql
 
end
 
close cur_Object
 
deallocate cur_Object
 
end
 
Go
 
exec sp_ms_marksystemobject 'sp_EncryptObject' --标识为系统对象
 
go
 
如果sql Server 2012,请修改下面两个位置的代码。在sql Server 2012,建议在使用throw来代替raiserror。
 
 
解密方法
 

 
解密过程,最重要采用异或方法:
 
[字符1]经过函数 fn_x(x)加密变成[加密后字符1],如果我们已知[加密后字符1],反过来查[字符1],可以这样:
 
[字符1] = [字符2] ^ fn_x([字符2]) ^ [加密后字符1]
 
这里我列举一个简单的例子:
 
代码如下:
 
--创建加密函数(fn_x)
 
if object_id('fn_x') is not null drop function fn_x
 
go
 
create function fn_x
 
(
 
@x nchar(1)
 
)returns nchar(1)
 
as
 
begin
 
return(nchar((65535-unicode(@x))))
 
end
 
go
 
declare @nchar_1_encrypt nchar(1),@nchar_2 nchar(1)
 
--对字符'A'进行加密,存入变量@nchar_1_encrypt
 
set @nchar_1_encrypt=dbo.fn_x(N'A')
 
--參考的字符@nchar_2
 
set @nchar_2='x'
 
--算出@nchar_1_encrypt 加密前的字符
 
select nchar(unicode(@nchar_2)^unicode(dbo.fn_x(@nchar_2))^unicode(@nchar_1_encrypt)) as [@nchar_1]
 
/*
 
@nchar_1
 
--------------------
 
A
 
*/
 
[注]: 从sql Server 2000至 sql Server 2012 采用异或方法都可以解密
 
用于解密的存储过程(sp_DecryptObject):
 
代码如下:
 
Use master
 
Go
 
if object_ID('[sp_DecryptObject]') is not null
 
Drop Procedure [sp_DecryptObject]
 
Go
 
create procedure sp_DecryptObject
 
(
 
@Object sysname,--要解密的对象名:函数,存储过程,视图或触发器
 
@MaxLength int=4000 --评估内容的长度
 
)
 
as
 
set nocount on
 
/* 1. 解密 */
 
if not exists(select 1 from sys.objects a where a.object_id=object_id(@Object) And a.type in('P','TF'))
 
begin
 
--sql Server 2008
 
raiserror 50001 N'无效的对象!要解密的对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。'
 
--sql Server 2012
 
--throw 50001,N'无效的对象!要解密的对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。',1
 
return
 
end
 
if exists(select 1 from sys.sql_modules a where a.object_id=object_id(@Object) and a.deFinition is not null)
 
begin
 
--sql Server 2008
 
raiserror 50001 N'对象没有加密!'
 
--sql Server 2012
 
--throw 50001,1
 
return
 
end
 
declare @sql nvarchar(max) --解密出来的sql语句
 
,@imageval nvarchar(max) --加密字符串
 
,@tmpStr nvarchar(max) --临时sql语句
 
,@tmpStr_imageval nvarchar(max) --临时sql语句(加密后)
 
,@type char(2) --对象类型('P','TF')
 
,@objectID int --对象ID
 
,@i int --While循环使用
 
,@Oject1 nvarchar(1000)
 
set @objectID=object_id(@Object)
 
set @type=(select a.type from sys.objects a where a.object_id=@objectID)
 
declare @Space4000 nchar(4000)
 
set @Space4000=replicate('-',4000)
 
/*
 
@tmpStr 会构造下面的sql语句
 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
alter trigger Tr_Name on Table_Name with encryption for update as return /**/
 
alter proc Proc_Name with encryption as select 1 as col /**/
 
alter view View_Name with encryption as select 1 as col /**/
 
alter function Fn_Name() returns int with encryption as begin return(0) end/**/
 
*/
 
set @Oject1=quotename(object_schema_name(@objectID))+'.'+quotename(@Object)
 
set @tmpStr=
 
case
 
when @type ='P ' then N'Alter Procedure '+@Oject1+' with encryption as select 1 as column1 '
 
when @type ='V ' then N'Alter View '+@Oject1+' with encryption as select 1 as column1 '
 
when @type ='FN' then N'Alter Function '+@Oject1+'() returns int with encryption as begin return(0) end '
 
when @type ='IF' then N'Alter Function '+@Oject1+'() returns table with encryption as return(Select a.name from sys.types a) '
 
when @type ='TF' then N'Alter Function '+@Oject1+'() returns @t table(name nvarchar(50)) with encryption as begin return end '
 
else 'Alter Trigger '+@Oject1+'on '+quotename(object_schema_name(@objectID))+'.'+(select Top(1) quotename(object_name(parent_id)) from sys.triggers a where a.object_id=@objectID)+' with encryption for update as return '
 
end
 
set @tmpStr=@tmpStr+'/*'+@Space4000
 
set @i=0
 
while @i < (ceiling(@MaxLength*1.0/4000)-1)
 
begin
 
set @tmpStr=@tmpStr+ @Space4000
 
Set @i=@i+1
 
end
 
set @tmpStr=@tmpStr+'*/'
 
------------
 
set @imageval =(select top(1) a.imageval from sys.sysobjvalues a where a.objid=@objectID and a.valclass=1)
 
begin tran
 
exec(@tmpStr)
 
set @tmpStr_imageval =(select top(1) a.imageval from sys.sysobjvalues a where a.objid=@objectID and a.valclass=1)
 
rollback tran
 
-------------
 
set @tmpStr=stuff(@tmpStr,1,5,'create')
 
set @sql=''
 
set @i=1
 
while @i<= (datalength(@imageval)/2)
 
begin
 
set @sql=@sql+isnull(nchar(unicode(substring(@tmpStr,@i,1)) ^ unicode(substring(@tmpStr_imageval,1))^unicode(substring(@imageval,1)) ),'')
 
Set @i+=1
 
end
 
/* 2. 列印 */
 
declare @patindex int
 
while @sql>''
 
begin
 
set @patindex=patindex('%'+char(13)+char(10)+'%',@sql)
 
if @patindex >0
 
begin
 
print substring(@sql,@patindex-1)
 
set @sql=stuff(@sql,@patindex+1,'')
 
end
 
else
 
begin
 
set @patindex=patindex('%'+char(13)+'%',@patindex,'')
 
end
 
else
 
begin
 
set @patindex=patindex('%'+char(10)+'%','')
 
end
 
else
 
begin
 
print @sql
 
set @sql=''
 
end
 
end
 
end
 
end
 
Go
 
exec sp_ms_marksystemobject 'sp_DecryptObject' --标识为系统对象
 
go
 
如果sql Server 2012,请修改下面两个位置的代码。方法类似于前面的加密过程:
 
 
搭建测试环境
 

 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
在一个测试环境中(DB: Test),先执行上面的加密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject)和解密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject);再创建两个表:TableA & TableB
 
代码如下:
 
use test
 
go
 
--创建表: TableA & TableB
 
if object_id('myTableA') is not null drop table myTableA
 
if object_id('myTableB') is not null drop table myTableB
 
go
 
create table myTableA (ID int identity,data nvarchar(50),constraint PK_myTableA primary key(ID))
 
create table myTableB (ID int,constraint PK_myTableB primary key(ID))
 
go
 
接下来,我们要创建6个未加密的对象(对象类型包含 'P','TF'):
 
1.视图(myView):
 
代码如下:
 
if object_id('myView') is not null drop view myView
 
go
 
create view myView
 
As
 
select * from TableA;
 
go
 
2.触发器(MyTrigger):
 
代码如下:
 
if object_id('MyTrigger') is not null drop Trigger MyTrigger
 
go
 
create trigger MyTrigger
 
on TableA
 
for update
 
As
 
insert into TableB(ID,data) select a.ID,a.Data From Inserted a
 
go
 
3.存储过程(MyProc):
 
代码如下:
 
if object_id('MyProc') is not null drop proc MyProc
 
go
 
create proc MyProc
 
(
 
@data nvarchar(50)
 
)
 
As
 
insert into TableA(data) values(@data)
 
go
 
4.用户定义表值函数(TF)(MyFunction_TF):
 
代码如下:
 
if object_id('MyFunction_TF') is not null drop function MyFunction_TF
 
go
 
create function MyFunction_TF
 
(
 
)
 
returns @t table
 
(
 
id int,
 
data nvarchar(50)
 
)
 
As
 
begin
 
insert @t(id,data) select id,data from TableA
 
return
 
end
 
go
 
5.内联表值函数(IF) (MyFunction_IF):
 
代码如下:
 
if object_id('MyFunction_IF') is not null drop function MyFunction_IF
 
go
 
create function MyFunction_IF
 
(
 
)
 
returns table
 
As
 
return(select top(3) id,data from TableA order by id desc)
 
go
 
6.标量函数(FN)(MyFunction_FN):
 
代码如下:
 
if object_id('MyFunction_FN') is not null drop function MyFunction_FN
 
go
 
create function MyFunction_FN
 
(
 
)
 
returns nvarchar(50)
 
As
 
begin
 
return(select top(1) data from TableA order by id desc)
 
end
 
go
 
当执行完了上面的1-6步骤的脚本,我们通过查询系统视图sys.sql_modules,可以看到未加密前的定义信息:
 
代码如下:
 
select b.name as object,b.type,a.deFinition
 
from sys.sql_modules a
 
inner join sys.objects b on b.object_id=a.object_id
 
where b.create_date>=convert(date,getdate())
 
order by b.object_id
 
加密测试
 

 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
下面我就通过调用加密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject),一次性对它们进行加密:
 
代码如下:
 
use test
 
go
 
exec sp_EncryptObject 'all'
 
go
 

当我们再查回系统视图sys.sql_modules,会发现deFinition列返回的是null值,说明定义内容已经给加密:
 
解密测试
 

 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
解密过程,必须在DAC连接Sql Server,我们这里例子是从 SSMS(sql Server Management Studio) 查询编辑器启动 DAC,如图:
 
bedb07071f" data-source='You can also connect prefixing to the instance name in the format
 
sqlcmd -S
 
admin:arameter">. You can also initiate a DAC from a Query Editor by connecting to <arameter">instance_name>.'>

解密存储过程(sp_DecryptObject),只能一次对一个存储过程、函数、视图或触发器,进行解密:
 
代码如下:
 
use test
 
go
 
exec sp_DecryptObject MyTrigger
 
go
 

当定义内容长度超过4000,我们可以指定@MaxLength的值,如:
 
代码如下:
 
exec sp_DecryptObject fn_My,20000
 
go
 
这里(fn_My)是一个函数,定义内容超过了8000:
 
... ...
 
 
 
 
 

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