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mysql内连接和外连接有哪些差异

发布时间:2023-05-06 14:10:28 所属栏目:MySql教程 来源:
导读:这篇文章主要介绍“mysql内连接和外连接有哪些区别”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在mysql内连接和外连接有哪些区别问题上存在疑惑,小编查阅了各式资料,整理出简单好用的操作方法,希望对大家解答”m
这篇文章主要介绍“mysql内连接和外连接有哪些区别”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在mysql内连接和外连接有哪些区别问题上存在疑惑,小编查阅了各式资料,整理出简单好用的操作方法,希望对大家解答”mysql内连接和外连接有哪些区别”的疑惑有所帮助!接下来,请跟着小编一起来学习吧!
 
mysql内连接和外连接的区别:内连接会取出连接表中匹配到的数据,匹配不到的不保留;而外连接会取出连接表中匹配到的数据,匹配不到的也会保留,其值为NULL。
 
本教程操作环境:windows7系统、mysql8版本、Dell G3电脑。
 
区别
 
内连接(inner join):取出连接表中匹配到的数据,匹配不到的不保留
 
外连接(outer join):取出连接表中匹配到的数据,匹配不到的也会保留,其值为NULL
 
示例表
 
users表
 
mysql> select * from users;
 
+----+-------+
 
| id | name  |
 
+----+-------+
 
|  1 | john  |
 
|  2 | May   |
 
|  3 | Lucy  |
 
|  4 | Jack  |
 
|  5 | James |
 
+----+-------+
 
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
topics表
 
mysql> select * from topics;
 
+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
 
| id | title                                 | user_id |
 
+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
 
|  1 |  Hello world                          |       1 |
 
|  2 | PHP is the best language in the world |       2 |
 
|  3 | Laravel artist                        |       6 |
 
+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
 
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
内连接(inner join)
 
示例
 
mysql> select * from users as u inner join topics as t on u.id=t.user_id;
 
+----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
 
| id | name | id | title                                 | user_id |
 
+----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
 
|  1 | john |  1 |  Hello world                          |       1 |
 
|  2 | May  |  2 | PHP is the best language in the world |       2 |
 
+----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
 
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
inner可以省略,as是给表起别名,也可以省略
 
mysql> select * from users u join topics t on u.id=t.user_id;
 
+----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
 
| id | name | id | title                                 | user_id |
 
+----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
 
|  1 | john |  1 |  Hello world                          |       1 |
 
|  2 | May  |  2 | PHP is the best language in the world |       2 |
 
+----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
 
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
以上两句等价于
 
mysql> select * from users,topics where users.id=topics.user_id;
 
+----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
 
| id | name | id | title                                 | user_id |
 
+----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
 
|  1 | john |  1 |  Hello world                          |       1 |
 
|  2 | May  |  2 | PHP is the best language in the world |       2 |
 
+----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
 
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
外连接(outer join)
 
左外连接(left outer join):以左边的表为主表
 
右外连接(right outer join):以右边的表为主表
 
以某一个表为主表,进行关联查询,不管能不能关联的上,主表的数据都会保留,关联不上的以NULL显示
 
通俗解释就是:先拿出主表的所有数据,然后到关联的那张表去找有没有符合关联条件的数据,如果有,正常显示,如果没有,显示为NULL
 
示例
 
mysql> select * from users as u left join topics as t on u.id=t.user_id;
 
+----+-------+------+---------------------------------------+---------+
 
| id | name  | id   | title                                 | user_id |
 
+----+-------+------+---------------------------------------+---------+
 
|  1 | john  |    1 |  Hello world                          |       1 |
 
|  2 | May   |    2 | PHP is the best language in the world |       2 |
 
|  3 | Lucy  | NULL | NULL                                  |    NULL |
 
|  4 | Jack  | NULL | NULL                                  |    NULL |
 
|  5 | James | NULL | NULL                                  |    NULL |
 
+----+-------+------+---------------------------------------+---------+
 
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
等价于以下,只是字段的位置不一样
 
mysql> select * from topics as t right join users as u on u.id=t.user_id;
 
+------+---------------------------------------+---------+----+-------+
 
| id   | title                                 | user_id | id | name  |
 
+------+---------------------------------------+---------+----+-------+
 
|    1 |  Hello world                          |       1 |  1 | john  |
 
|    2 | PHP is the best language in the world |       2 |  2 | May   |
 
| NULL | NULL                                  |    NULL |  3 | Lucy  |
 
| NULL | NULL                                  |    NULL |  4 | Jack  |
 
| NULL | NULL                                  |    NULL |  5 | James |
 
+------+---------------------------------------+---------+----+-------+
 
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
左外连接和右外连接是相对的,主要就是以哪个表为主表去进行关联
 
到此,关于“mysql内连接和外连接有哪些区别”的学习就结束了,希望能够解决大家的疑惑。
 
 

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