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nginx怎么实现负载均衡和反向代理?

发布时间:2023-07-12 15:28:22 所属栏目:Linux 来源:
导读:这篇文章主要讲解了“nginx如何实现负载均衡和反向代理?”,文中的讲解内容简单清晰,易于学习与理解,下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入,一起来研究和学习“nginx如何实现负载均衡和反向代理?&rd
这篇文章主要讲解了“nginx如何实现负载均衡和反向代理?”,文中的讲解内容简单清晰,易于学习与理解,下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入,一起来研究和学习“nginx如何实现负载均衡和反向代理?”吧!
 
1: 修改centos命令行启动(减少内存占用):
 
vim /etc/inittab     id:5:initdefault:  --> 修改5为3  
 
若要界面启动使用 startx
 
2:安装jdk
 
1)解压:jdk-7u55-linux-i586.tar.gz
 
       [root@localhost jdk]# tar -zxvf jdk-7u55-linux-i586.tar.gz
 
2)复制:[root@localhost jdk]# cp -rf jdk1.7.0_55/ /usr/local/jdk
 
  授权:[root@localhost jdk]# cd /usr/local/jdk
 
       [root@localhost jdk]# chmod u+x jdk/
 
3)配置环境;[root@localhost bin]# vim /etc/profile
 
  最后面插入:export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk/jdk1.7.0_79
 
            export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
 
4)刷新配置文件:source /etc/profile
 
    验证:java   javac
 
3:安装tomcat
 
    1)解压:tar -zxvf
 
    2)授权:chmod u+x/usr/local/tomcats/tomcat1/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/bin
 
    3)启动:进入tomcat目录bin 目录后: ./startup.sh
 
    4)开放端口:vim  /etc/sysconfig/iptables
 
    5)关闭防火墙:chkconfig iptables off
 
    6)重启防火墙: service iptables restart
 
    7)修改端口号:vim conf/server.xml
 
    8)查看进程:ps aux | grep tomcat
 
4:安装nginx
 
    1)安装环境:  
 
              yum -y install gcc-c++
 
              yum -y install pcre pcre-devel
 
              yum -y install zlib zlib-devel
 
              yum -y install openssl openssl-devel
 
    2)解压:tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
 
    3)创建安装目录:[root@localhost local]# mkdir -p nginx
 
                  [root@localhost local]# cd nginx/
 
                  [root@localhost nginx]# pwd
 
                    /usr/local/nginx
 
    4)创建临时目录:var]# mkdir -p temp/nginx
 
    5)进入目录:cd nginx-1.8.0/  
 
    6)修改参数:
 
            ./configure \
 
            --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \             --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \             --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \             --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \             --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \             --with-http_gzip_static_module \             --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/client \             --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/proxy \             --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/fastcgi \             --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/uwsgi \             --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/scgi
 
    7)编译安装:
 
        make
 
        make install
 
    8)启动: cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
 
         ./nginx
 
    9)查看进程:ps aux | grep nginx
 
    10)快速停止:./nginx -s stop
 
    11)完整停止:./nginx  -s quit  此方式停止步骤是待nginx进程处理任务完毕进行停止。推荐使用
 
    12)重启: ./nginx -s quit
 
            ./nginx  
 
    13)重新加载配置文件: ./nginx -s reload
 
5:配置虚拟主机:
 
    1、nginx支持的三种虚拟主机的配置:
 
            基于ip的虚拟主机
 
            基于域名的虚拟主机
 
            基于端口的虚拟主机
 
    2、nginx配置文件的结构: 每个service就是一个虚拟主机
 
......
 
            events{
 
                ......
 
            }
 
            http{
 
                .......
 
                server{
 
                    ......
 
                }
 
                server{
 
                    ......
 
                }
 
            }
 
    3、基于ip的虚拟主机配置:
 
        修改配置文件: vim /usr/local/nginx/nginx-1.8.0/conf/nginx.conf
 
 server{
 
                listen 80;
 
                server_name 192.168.31.88;
 
                location / {
 
                    root html;
 
                    index index.html index.htm;
 
                }
 
            }
 
    4、基于域名的虚拟主机配置:
 
        修改配置文件:vim /usr/local/nginx/nginx-1.8.0/conf/nginx.conf
 
server{
 
                listen 80;
 
                server_name www.nginxdns1.com;
 
                location / {
 
                    root html_dns1;
 
                    index index.html index.htm;
 
                }
 
            }
 
            server{
 
                listen 80;
 
                server_name www.nginxdns2.com;
 
                location / {
 
                    root html_dns2;
 
                    index index.html index.htm;
 
                }
 
            }
 
    5、基于端口的虚拟主机配置:
 
        修改配置文件:vim /usr/local/nginx/nginx-1.8.0/conf/nginx.conf
 
        监听端口:netstat -an | grep 80
 
           server{
 
                listen 88;
 
                server_name 192.168.31.88;
 
                location / {
 
                    root html_port1;
 
                    index index.html index.htm;
 
                }
 
            }
 
            server{
 
                listen 89;
 
                server_name 192.168.31.88;
 
                location / {
 
                    root html_port2;
 
                    index index.html index.htm;
 
                }
 
            }
 
6、nginx 反向代理:
 
修改hosts:# nginx反向代理环境测试
 
            192.168.31.88 www.nginxproxy1.com
 
            192.168.31.88 www.nginxproxy2.com
 
开启不同虚拟机中的两台tomcat:192.168.31.88:8080 和 192.168.31.89:8081
 
修改配置文件:
 
            #代理tomcat1服务器
 
            upstream  tomcat_server1{
 
                server  192.168.31.89:8081;
 
            }
 
            #代理tomcat2服务器
 
            upstream tomcat_server2{
 
                server 192.168.31.88:8080;
 
            }
 
            #配置虚拟主机:
 
            server{
 
                listen 80;
 
                server_name www.nginxproxy1.com;
 
                location / {
 
                    #root html_port1;
 
                    proxy_pass http://tomcat_server1;
 
                    index index.html index.htm;
 
                }
 
            }
 
            server{
 
                listen 80;
 
                server_name www.nginxproxy2.com;
 
                location / {
 
                    #root html_port2;
 
                    proxy_pass http://tomcat_server2;
 
                    index index.html index.htm;
 
                }
 
            }
 
7、nginx 负载均衡:
 
    修改hosts :# nginx负载均衡环境测试
 
                 192.168.31.88 www.nginxbalance.com
 
    开启不同虚拟机中的两台tomcat:192.168.31.88:8080 和 192.168.31.89:8081
 
    修改配置文件:
 
            #代理tomcat2服务器
 
            upstream tomcat_server_pool{
 
                server 192.168.31.88:8080 weight=1;
 
                server 192.168.31.89:8081 weight=1;
 
            }
 
            #配置虚拟主机:
 
            server{
 
                listen 80;
 
                server_name www.nginxbalance.com;
 
                location / {
 
                    #root html_port1;
 
                    proxy_pass http://tomcat_server_pool;
 
                    index index.html index.htm;
 
                }
 
            }
 
hosts文件配置:
 
1:nginx基于域名环境测试
 
192.168.31.88 www.nginxdns1.com  192.168.31.88 www.nginxdns2.com
 
2:nginx反向代理环境测试
 
192.168.31.88 www.nginxproxy1.com  192.168.31.88 www.nginxproxy2.com
 
3:nginx负载均衡环境测试
 
192.168.31.88 www.nginxbalance.com
 
 

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