加入收藏 | 设为首页 | 会员中心 | 我要投稿 聊城站长网 (https://www.0635zz.com/)- 智能语音交互、行业智能、AI应用、云计算、5G!
当前位置: 首页 > 站长学院 > MySql教程 > 正文

运用Altas软件如何实现mysql主从复制读写分离

发布时间:2023-09-23 15:21:10 所属栏目:MySql教程 来源:
导读:mysql读写分离原理:

数据库层在高并发的情况下,i/o会产生瓶颈。而实际上用户读的请求要远远大于写的请求。

使用代理服务作为数据库前端,将不同的请求根据规则分配到不同的后端数据上面去,比如将
mysql读写分离原理:
 
    数据库层在高并发的情况下,i/o会产生瓶颈。而实际上用户读的请求要远远大于写的请求。
 
    使用代理服务作为数据库前端,将不同的请求根据规则分配到不同的后端数据上面去,比如将写的请求分配给master数据库,将读的请求分配给slave数据库。master和slave可以是一个或多个做成负载均衡。master数据库再通过主从复制同步数据给slave.
 
环境介绍:
 
HostName OS IP 作用
 
master centos6.5 192.168.100.150 担任mysql主云服务器
 
salve centos6.5 192.168.100.151 担任mysql从云服务器
 
Altas centos6.5 192.168.100.152 担任mysql代理
 
ftp centos6.5 192.168.100.100 担任ftp为主从提供yum源,软件支持(可以使用公网yum源代替此主机)
 
1:主从安装mysql:
 
    [root@master ~]# yum -y install mysql-server

    [root@slave ~]# yum -y install msyql-server
 
2:修改主从的配置文件,以支持bin_log日志记录

[root@master ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
 
7  log-bin=mysql-bin      ##支持bin-log日志记录,bin-log日志文件名以mysql-bin开头
 
8  server-id=150         ##服务的唯一标识符号,默认是1,这里方便记忆,我使用了ip最后一段
 
[root@slave ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
 
7  server-id=151
 
[root@master ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start   ##重启服务
 
[root@slave ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
 
3:在主数据库上面授权给从复制的权限:
 
    登陆云服务器授权
 
[root@master ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 123123
 
[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123
 
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'slave'@"192.168.100.%" identified by '123123';
 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> flush privileges;    ##刷新权限
 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql>
 
    查看主服务的bin-log日志文件信息:
 
    需要记录file 和position两栏中内容:以查到的为准。
 
mysql> show master status;
 
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
 
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
 
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
 
| mysql-bin.000003 |      476 |              |                  |
 
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
4:在从云服务器上修改自己的master的数据库
 
    登入数据库
 
[root@slave ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 123123
 
[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123
 
    设置从云服务器读取master bin-log的相关信息
 
mysql> change master to
 
    -> master_host='192.168.100.150',    ##master的ip
 
    -> master_user='slave',              ##授权允许复制的用户名
 
    -> master_password='123123',         ##授权允许复制密码
 
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',   ##bin-log文件名,上一步在master上查到的信息
 
    -> master_log_pos=476;     ##偏移量,在master上查到的信息
 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
 
    启动slave
 
mysql> start slave;
 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
    插卡slave状态:    
 
        
 
            ##查到的状态这两个为yes,下面没有error错误就正常
 
            Slave_IO_Running: Yes
 
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
 
mysql> show slave status\G;
 
*************************** 1. row ***************************
 
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
 
                  Master_Host: 192.168.100.150
 
                  Master_User: slave
 
                  Master_Port: 3306
 
                Connect_Retry: 60
 
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
 
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 706
 
               Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
 
                Relay_Log_Pos: 481
 
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
 
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
 
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
 
              Replicate_Do_DB:
 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
 
           Replicate_Do_Table:
 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
 
                   Last_Errno: 0
 
                   Last_Error:
 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
 
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 706
 
              Relay_Log_Space: 637
 
              Until_Condition: None
 
               Until_Log_File:
 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
 
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
 
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
 
              Master_SSL_Cert:
 
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
 
               Master_SSL_Key:
 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
 
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
 
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
 
                Last_IO_Error:
 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
 
               Last_SQL_Error:
 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
ERROR:
 
No query specified
 
mysql>
 
5:测试:
 
    在主数据库上新建库,查看库
 
mysql>
 
mysql> show databases;
 
+--------------------+
 
| Database           |
 
+--------------------+
 
| information_schema |
 
| mysql              |
 
| test               |
 
+--------------------+
 
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> create database test_databases;
 
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> show databases;
 
+--------------------+
 
| Database           |
 
+--------------------+
 
| information_schema |
 
| mysql              |
 
| test               |
 
| test_databases     |
 
+--------------------+
 
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
    在从数据库上查看库:
 
mysql> show databases;
 
+--------------------+
 
| Database           |
 
+--------------------+
 
| information_schema |
 
| mysql              |
 
| test               |
 
| test_databases     |
 
+--------------------+
 
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
在master端授权:
 
mysql> grant all on *.* to root@"192.168.100.%" identified by '123123';
 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> flush privileges;
 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql>
 
在Atlas云服务器下载安装软件
 
[root@Atlas ~]# wget -O ./altas  https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases/download/sharding-1.0.1/Atlas-sharding_1.0.1-el6.x86_64.rpm
 
[root@Atlas ~]# ls
 
altas  anaconda-ks.cfg  install.log  install.log.syslog
 
[root@Atlas ~]# file altas
 
altas: RPM v3.0 bin i386/x86_64 Atlas-sharding_1.0.1-el6
 
[root@Atlas ~]# rpm -ivh altas
 
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
 
   1:Atlas                  ########################################### [100%]
 
修改配置文件:
 
[root@Atlas ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf
 
    需要更改的地方:
 
proxy-backend-addresses = 192.168.100.150:3306
 
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 192.168.100.151:3306
 
pwds = root:++gAN07C/Q0=   ##这里用/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt 加上数据库授权的密码,生成密文密码填写在这里
 
        生成密文密码
 
[root@Atlas bin]# pwd
 
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin
 
[root@Atlas bin]# ./encrypt 123123
 
++gAN07C/Q0=
 
daemon = true
 
sql-log = REALTIME
 
charset = utf8
 
    全部的配置项,以及注释
 
#管理接口的密码
 
admin-password = pwd
 
#Atlas后端连接的MySQL主库的IP和端口,可设置多项,用逗号分隔
 
proxy-backend-addresses = 192.168.100.150:3306
 
#Atlas后端连接的MySQL从库的IP和端口,@后面的数字代表权重,用来作负载均衡,若省略则默认为1,可设置多项,用逗号分隔
 
#proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 127.0.0.1:3305@1
 
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 192.168.100.151:3306
 
#用户名与其对应的加密过的MySQL密码,密码使用PREFIX/bin目录下的加密程序encrypt加密,下行的user1和user2为示例,将其替换为你的MySQL的用户名和加密密码!
 
pwds = root:++gAN07C/Q0=
 
#设置Atlas的运行方式,设为true时为守护进程方式,设为false时为前台方式,一般开发调试时设为false,线上运行时设为true,true后面不能有空格。
 
daemon = true
 
keepalive = true
 
#工作线程数,对Atlas的性能有很大影响,可根据情况适当设置
 
event-threads = 8
 
#日志级别,分为message、warning、critical、error、debug五个级别
 
#带#号的为非必需的配置项目
 
#管理接口的用户名
 
admin-username = user
 
#管理接口的密码
 
admin-password = pwd
 
#Atlas后端连接的MySQL主库的IP和端口,可设置多项,用逗号分隔
 
proxy-backend-addresses = 192.168.100.150:3306
 
#Atlas后端连接的MySQL从库的IP和端口,@后面的数字代表权重,用来作负载均衡,若省略则默认为1,可设置多项,用逗号分隔
 
#proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 127.0.0.1:3305@1
 
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 192.168.100.151:3306
 
#用户名与其对应的加密过的MySQL密码,密码使用PREFIX/bin目录下的加密程序encrypt加密,下行的user1和user2为示例,将其替换为你的MySQL的用户名和加密密码!
 
pwds = root:++gAN07C/Q0=
 
#设置Atlas的运行方式,设为true时为守护进程方式,设为false时为前台方式,一般开发调试时设为false,线上运行时设为true,true后面不能有空格。
 
daemon = true
 
keepalive = true
 
#工作线程数,对Atlas的性能有很大影响,可根据情况适当设置
 
event-threads = 8
 
#日志级别,分为message、warning、critical、error、debug五个级别
 
log-level = message
 
#日志存放的路径
 
log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log
 
#SQL日志的开关,可设置为OFF、ON、REALTIME,OFF代表不记录SQL日志,ON代表记录SQL日志,REALTIME代表记录SQL日志且实时写入磁盘,默认为OFF
 
sql-log = REALTIME
 
#慢日志输出设置。当设置了该参数时,则日志只输出执行时间超过sql-log-slow(单位:ms)的日志记录。不设置该参数则输出全部日志。
 
#sql-log-slow = 10
 
#实例名称,用于同一台机器上多个Atlas实例间的区分
 
#instance = test
 
#Atlas监听的工作接口IP和端口
 
proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:1234
 
#Atlas监听的管理接口IP和端口
 
admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345
 
#分表设置,此例中person为库名,mt为表名,id为分表字段,3为子表数量,可设置多项,以逗号分隔,若不分表则不需要设置该项
 
#tables = person.mt.id.3
 
#默认字符集,设置该项后客户端不再需要执行SET NAMES语句
 
charset = utf8
 
#允许连接Atlas的客户端的IP,可以是精确IP,也可以是IP段,以逗号分隔,若不设置该项则允许所有IP连接,否则只允许列表中的IP连接
 
#client-ips = 127.0.0.1, 192.168.1
 
#Atlas前面挂接的LVS的物理网卡的IP(注意不是虚IP),若有LVS且设置了client-ips则此项必须设置,否则可以不设置
 
#lvs-ips = 192.168.1.1
 
启动关闭代理服务:
 
[root@Atlas bin]# ls
 
encrypt  mysql-binlog-dump  mysql-myisam-dump  mysql-proxy  mysql-proxyd  VERSION
 
[root@Atlas bin]# ./mysql-proxyd test start
 
OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started
 
[root@Atlas bin]# ./mysql-proxyd test stop
 
OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is stopped
 
[root@Atlas bin]# ./mysql-proxyd test start
 
OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started
 
[root@Atlas bin]# ./mysql-proxyd test restart
 
OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is stopped
 
OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started
 
查看进程:
 
[root@Atlas ~]# ps aux |grep mysql-proxy
 
root      1266  0.0  0.2  67156  1452 ?        S    19:24   0:00 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf
 
root      1267  0.0  0.6 161460  3352 ?        Sl   19:24   0:01 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf
 
root     16756  0.0  0.1 103248   876 pts/0    S+   20:55   0:00 grep mysql-proxy
 
安装mysql,只安装客户端。
 
[root@Atlas ~]# yum -y install mysql
 
[root@Atlas ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123 -h 192.168.100.152 -P1234
 
mysql> show databases;
 
+--------------------+
 
| Database           |
 
+--------------------+
 
| information_schema |
 
| mysql              |
 
| test               |
 
+--------------------+
 
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> quit
 
Bye
 
查看日志信息:
 
[root@Atlas ~]# tail -f /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log/test.log
 
2017-08-22 19:24:32: (message) proxy listening on port 0.0.0.0:1234
 
2017-08-22 19:24:32: (message) added read/write backend: 192.168.100.150:3306
 
2017-08-22 19:24:32: (message) added read-only backend: 192.168.100.151:3306
 
2017-08-22 19:24:32: (message) chassis-event-thread.c:235: starting 8 threads
 
2017-08-22 19:24:34: (message) chassis-unix-daemon.c:138: [angel] we try to keep PID=1267 alive
 
2017-08-22 19:24:34: (message) mysql-proxy 0.8.2 started - instance: test
 
2017-08-22 19:24:34: (message) proxy listening on port 0.0.0.0:1234
 
2017-08-22 19:24:34: (message) added read/write backend: 192.168.100.150:3306
 
2017-08-22 19:24:34: (message) added read-only backend: 192.168.100.151:3306
 
2017-08-22 19:24:34: (message) chassis-event-thread.c:235: starting 8 threads
 
    ##可以看到读的操作都交给slave数据库了,master可以读写操作,一般是只写。
 
登录到管理端口:(可以对后端的mysql数据库进行管理)
 
[root@Atlas ~]# mysql -uuser -ppwd -h292.168.100.152 -P2345
 
mysql> select * from help;    ##查看管理帮助
 
+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
 
| command                               | description                                             |
 
+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
 
| SELECT * FROM help                    | shows this help                                         |
 
| SELECT * FROM backends                | lists the backends and their state                      |
 
| SET OFFLINE $backend_id               | offline backend server, $backend_id is backend_ndx's id |
 
| SET ONLINE $backend_id                | online backend server, ...                              |
 
| ADD MASTER $backend                   | example: "add master 127.0.0.1:3306", ...               |
 
| ADD SLAVE $backend                    | example: "add slave 127.0.0.1:3306", ...                |
 
| ADD GMASTER $group_id $backend        | example: "add gmaster 1 127.0.0.1:3306", ...            |
 
| ADD GSLAVE $group_id $backend         | example: "add gslave 1 127.0.0.1:3306", ...             |
 
| REMOVE BACKEND $backend_id            | example: "remove backend 1", ...                        |
 
| REMOVE GBACKEND $group_id $backend_id | example: "remove gbackend 1 1", ...                     |
 
| SELECT * FROM clients                 | lists the clients                                       |
 
| ADD CLIENT $client                    | example: "add client 192.168.1.2", ...                  |
 
| REMOVE CLIENT $client                 | example: "remove client 192.168.1.2", ...               |
 
| SELECT * FROM pwds                    | lists the pwds                                          |
 
| ADD PWD $pwd                          | example: "add pwd user:raw_password", ...               |
 
| ADD ENPWD $pwd                        | example: "add enpwd user:encrypted_password", ...       |
 
| REMOVE PWD $pwd                       | example: "remove pwd user", ...                         |
 
| SAVE CONFIG                           | save the backends to config file                        |
 
| SELECT VERSION                        | display the version of Atlas                            |
 
+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
 
19 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> select * from backends;    ##查看后端mysql状态,工作类型
 
+----------+----------------------+-------+------+-------------+
 
| group_id | address              | state | type | backend_ndx |
 
+----------+----------------------+-------+------+-------------+
 
|       -1 | 192.168.100.150:3306 | up    | rw   |           1 |
 
|       -1 | 192.168.100.151:3306 | up    | ro   |           2 |
 
+----------+----------------------+-------+------+-------------+
 
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
 

(编辑:聊城站长网)

【声明】本站内容均来自网络,其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点,不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利,请及时与联系站长删除相关内容!

    推荐文章